Prediction as the first strategy
Nuttall (2005) emphasizes the importance of prediction since it activates the schemata, bringing in knowledge and experiences readers have already stored in their minds related to the text. It helps the reader make sense of the text as a whole and of its components individually (p. 12).
Alderson and Urquhart (1984) agree that prediction is the basic reading strategy which includes three processes: sampling information, confirming hypothesis and correcting them if the prediction is miscued.
Smith (1988) gives three reasons why readers need to predict. The first is related to the fact that readers need to anticipate what is going to appear next in the text. A reader who is concerned with the word directly in front of the eye may have difficulties predicting and comprehending the whole meaning of the text. The second reason is related to the ambiguity that exists in the world. There are too many ways of interpreting things so readers need to select the most possible alternatives in advance. And the third is related to the quicker recognition in the text. If alternatives are discarded in advance, the number of possible choices is reduced and it aids the making of decisions to comprehend the text better. As Smith summarizes, “prediction brings potential meaning to texts, reducing ambiguity and eliminating in advance irrelevant alternatives” (1988:18).
Prediction is the backbone of reading, it aids reading to select in advance a number of possibilities in relation to the text that is to be read: its structure, genre, type, places, situations, schemes and even plot. Prediction aims at asking prior questions which comprehension is supposed to answer.
This strategy contains different elements:
Nuttall (2005) emphasizes the importance of prediction since it activates the schemata, bringing in knowledge and experiences readers have already stored in their minds related to the text. It helps the reader make sense of the text as a whole and of its components individually (p. 12).
Alderson and Urquhart (1984) agree that prediction is the basic reading strategy which includes three processes: sampling information, confirming hypothesis and correcting them if the prediction is miscued.
Smith (1988) gives three reasons why readers need to predict. The first is related to the fact that readers need to anticipate what is going to appear next in the text. A reader who is concerned with the word directly in front of the eye may have difficulties predicting and comprehending the whole meaning of the text. The second reason is related to the ambiguity that exists in the world. There are too many ways of interpreting things so readers need to select the most possible alternatives in advance. And the third is related to the quicker recognition in the text. If alternatives are discarded in advance, the number of possible choices is reduced and it aids the making of decisions to comprehend the text better. As Smith summarizes, “prediction brings potential meaning to texts, reducing ambiguity and eliminating in advance irrelevant alternatives” (1988:18).
Prediction is the backbone of reading, it aids reading to select in advance a number of possibilities in relation to the text that is to be read: its structure, genre, type, places, situations, schemes and even plot. Prediction aims at asking prior questions which comprehension is supposed to answer.
This strategy contains different elements:
- information stored in the reader´s minds regarding knowledge of the world,
- knowledge of texts,
- possible content related to the text
- possible vocabulary which may appear in the given text.
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