Microstructural Strategies
Readers employ microstructural strategies to relate pieces of a new sentence with the previously processed ones in their intention to obtain local coherence. This term is defined as the semantic relations that exist among the sentences included in a text. Readers make use of mental processes in order to comprehend the semantic associations between two sentences which appear one after the other in a text. (Cubo de Severino et al., 2008, p. 152)
The relations between sentences can be of two types: based on meaning or based on reference. The first group is also called intentional relations since the associations are based on the concepts that are expressed. These relations are functional and they are established when a sentence specifies, explains or exemplifies the other. Hence, they give coherence to the text. The second group is also referred to as extensional relations since the associations are based on the objects that are denoted. These objects are called cohesive devices and they can be of three types: grammatical, lexical and rhetorical devices. The first group includes reference, ellipsis, substitution, conjunctions, comparatives and tenses. The second group includes reiteration, collocation, substitution and ellipsis. The third group contains questions and parallelism. The typical linguistic elements that establish referential relations are pronouns. Words can also maintain semantic relations such as synonymy, antonymy, hyponymy, and others (Cubo de Severino et al., 2008, pp.153-154).
Readers make use of their knowledge of the word to establish local coherence. Yet, this is not an isolated phenomenon which occurs on its own, but it is related and also included in the global coherence of the text. Thus, local coherence strategies are unconscious mixed cognitive processes which can be combined with global coherence strategies, use of previous knowledge strategies, pragmatic and communicative strategies (Cubo de Severino et al., 2008, p.157).
The relations between sentences can be of two types: based on meaning or based on reference. The first group is also called intentional relations since the associations are based on the concepts that are expressed. These relations are functional and they are established when a sentence specifies, explains or exemplifies the other. Hence, they give coherence to the text. The second group is also referred to as extensional relations since the associations are based on the objects that are denoted. These objects are called cohesive devices and they can be of three types: grammatical, lexical and rhetorical devices. The first group includes reference, ellipsis, substitution, conjunctions, comparatives and tenses. The second group includes reiteration, collocation, substitution and ellipsis. The third group contains questions and parallelism. The typical linguistic elements that establish referential relations are pronouns. Words can also maintain semantic relations such as synonymy, antonymy, hyponymy, and others (Cubo de Severino et al., 2008, pp.153-154).
Readers make use of their knowledge of the word to establish local coherence. Yet, this is not an isolated phenomenon which occurs on its own, but it is related and also included in the global coherence of the text. Thus, local coherence strategies are unconscious mixed cognitive processes which can be combined with global coherence strategies, use of previous knowledge strategies, pragmatic and communicative strategies (Cubo de Severino et al., 2008, p.157).
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