Macrostructural strategies
Readers employ macrostructural strategies to summarize the global information contained in the text. Cubo de Severino et al. (2008) distinguish two types of macrostructure: the semantic and the pragmatic. The former deals with the main idea of the text or topic whereas the latter deals with the global speech act or general intention (pp. 130-131).
The semantic macrostructure is the abstract representation of the global structure of the meaning of the text and it is formed by the main ideas which are explicitly or implicitly included in it. Readers cannot possibly remember all the details so they combine the textual information with the context and their schemata in order to construct the semantic macrostructure or main idea. The pragmatic macrostructure is the author’s intention to write the text as well as the purpose he/she has in mind: to inform, to entertain, to ask, to give advice, to argue among others. Readers use both macrostructures to reconstruct the global meaning of the text (Cubo de Severino et al., 2008, 130-131).
Van Dijk and Kintsch (as cited in Cubo de Severino) recognize two types of macrostructures: contextual and textual. Contextual macrostructural strategies are based on the reader’s knowledge of the world, which proves useful to predict situations; as well as the reader’s knowledge of the contents in the different types of texts, which aid the readers in the predictions of possible topics included. Textual macrostructures are based on the syntactic and semantic structures of the text and its markers which aid the readers in making discursive inferences (p. 132).
Readers employ macrostructural strategies to summarize the global information contained in the text. Cubo de Severino et al. (2008) distinguish two types of macrostructure: the semantic and the pragmatic. The former deals with the main idea of the text or topic whereas the latter deals with the global speech act or general intention (pp. 130-131).
The semantic macrostructure is the abstract representation of the global structure of the meaning of the text and it is formed by the main ideas which are explicitly or implicitly included in it. Readers cannot possibly remember all the details so they combine the textual information with the context and their schemata in order to construct the semantic macrostructure or main idea. The pragmatic macrostructure is the author’s intention to write the text as well as the purpose he/she has in mind: to inform, to entertain, to ask, to give advice, to argue among others. Readers use both macrostructures to reconstruct the global meaning of the text (Cubo de Severino et al., 2008, 130-131).
Van Dijk and Kintsch (as cited in Cubo de Severino) recognize two types of macrostructures: contextual and textual. Contextual macrostructural strategies are based on the reader’s knowledge of the world, which proves useful to predict situations; as well as the reader’s knowledge of the contents in the different types of texts, which aid the readers in the predictions of possible topics included. Textual macrostructures are based on the syntactic and semantic structures of the text and its markers which aid the readers in making discursive inferences (p. 132).
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